A congenital absence or obstruction of the anal opening.
Alternative Names
Anorectal malformation; Anal atresia
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Imperforate anus is a malformation of the anorectal region that may occur in several forms. The rectum may end in a blind pouch that does not connect with the colon. Or, it may have openings to the urethra, bladder, base of penis or scrotum in boys, or vagina in girls. A condition of stenosis (narrowing) of the anus or absence of the anus may be present. The malformations are caused by abnormal development of the fetus, and many are associated with other birth defects. Imperforate anus is a relatively common congenital malformation that occurs in about 1 out of 5,000 infants.
Signs and tests
A physical examination with check for anal patency in the newborn will show the malformation. A lower abdominal X-ray or contrast enema may be recommended.
Treatment
Surgical reconstruction of the anus is required. If the rectum connects with other organs, repair of these organs will also be necessary. A temporary colostomy is often required.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outcome is usually good with treatment, depending on the exact anatomy of the birth defect. Some affected infants may never develop adequate bowel control, depending on the location of the defect.
Calling your health care provider
This disorder is usually discovered when the newborn infant is first examined. Call your health care provider if a child that was treated for imperforate anus develops abdominal pain , or fails to develop any bowel control by the age of 3.
Prevention
As with most birth defects, there is no known prevention.